Overseas public employment

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Maruf Hassan
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Joined: Thu Feb 09, 2023 3:28 am

Overseas public employment

Post by Maruf Hassan »

The recent debates around comments deemed contemptuous by Gérald Darmanin bring the question of the consideration given by the State to the overseas territories back to the fore. As an employer, he is frequently accused of preferring to recruit "metro" to positions of responsibility. What are really the different job profiles in the overseas public sector? The term DROM-COM designates a set of French regions which, despite the diversity of their geographical and social contexts, share features linked to their colonial history and to common treatment by targeted public policies. This is particularly the case of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guyana and La Réunion, overseas departments since 1946. Recurrent social conflicts highlight the extent of the inequalities that affect them: the question of local standards of living is inseparable from that of the maintenance of structural differences between these departments and France. Read also: Debate: How to decolonize the lexicon on the “overseas”? One of the most striking episodes of the recent period is the general strike movement that began in Guyana in November 2008, before spreading to the West Indies, then Reunion, only to end in March 2009. We can also cite the unprecedented scale taken by the movement of "yellow vests" in Reunion in 2019 .

The overseas public sector, a source of jobs and mobility Access to employment is at the heart of these tensions: in 2018, while the unemployment rate was 9% in France, it was 23% in Guadeloupe, 18% in Martinique, 19% in Guyana and 24% in Reunion. This context increases the role of the public sector, which offers employment opportunities to the people most affected by unemployment, in particular through mechanisms such as subsidized contracts . The public sector is also associated with the arrival of civil servants from France, often recruited to occupy positions of responsibility. This situation can give the impression to the native populations of the overseas territories of being confined to subordinate and precarious posts, whereas the State would continue to prefer them “metros” (metropolitans) to managerial posts. It is accentuated by the existence of a set of so-called “cost of living” bonuses, most often reserved for statutory civil servants, which increase the income gap between them and the rest of the working population. [ Nearly 80,000 readers trust The Conversation newsletter to better understand the world's major issues . Subscribe today ] The recruitment of people from France to management positions in the overseas public sector is frequently justified by their qualifications: people born in the overseas departments having phone number list lower levels of diplomas on average, they would not be able to meet the skilled labor needs of the public sector. What is it in reality? The employment surveys carried out by INSEE provide some answers to these questions. By grouping the data collected between 2014 and 2019, they make it possible in particular to isolate sufficient samples of people born in France (from 701 in Martinique to 1,585 in Reunion).

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Significant but often precarious job opportunities Between 2014 and 2019, 23% of jobs held in France were in the public sector. In the four overseas departments considered, this rate is 36%. On the other hand, if we look at the population of working age (15 to 64 years), the gap is smaller: 13% hold a job in the public sector in France against 15% in the overseas departments. If the weight of this sector among the jobs held there is so great, it is therefore because there are few jobs held in the private sector. Faced with a job deficit in the private sector, the public sector is, de facto, at the forefront. Moreover, while the jobs offered by the public sector enable people who find it difficult to enter the labor market to do so (this is particularly the case for young people and the less qualified), these jobs do not are not necessarily sustainable. While 20% of people employed in the public sector in France are contractual, these statuses concern 44% of public jobs in Reunion, 31% in Guyana, 24% in Martinique, but only 18% in Guadeloupe. Thus, according to the DOM, the public recruitment policies intended to alleviate the tensions on the labor market are accompanied or not by a lasting integration into employment.
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